१८५७ चे स्वातंत्र्ययुद्ध हे १० मे १८५७ रोजी मीरत येथील लष्करछावणीतील बंडापासून सुरू झाले व लवकरच ते उत्तर व मध्य भारतातील अनेक ठिकाणी पसरले. हा लढा १८५७ चे स्वातंत्र्यसमर, पहिला भारतीय स्वातंत्र्यलढा, शिपाई बंडाळी . अशा इतर नावांनीही ओळखला जातो.जवळपास वर्षभर चाललेल्या या युद्धात इंग्रजांचा विजय झाला पण या बंडामुळे भारतीय स्वातंत्र्यचळवळीला प्रारंभ झाला व ९० वर्षानंतर १९४७ साली भारत स्वतंत्र झाला.

१० मे १८५७ रोजी दिल्लीपासून ४० मैलांच्या अंतरावर मेरठ छावणीमध्ये ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनीच्या भारतीय सैनिकांनी बंड पुकारले व बघता बघता उत्तर पुर्व व मध्य भारतात पसरले. १० मेला सुरू झालेले बंड २० जुन १८५८ रोजी ग्वाल्हेर कंपनीच्या ताब्यात पडल्यानंतरच थांबले. बंडखोर शिपायांनी मेरठ काबीज केले व लागोलाग दिल्लीवर जबरदस्त हल्ला चढवून दिल्लीत बसलेले कंपनीच्या अधिकाऱ्यांना व ब्रिटिश सैन्याला चिरडले व ८१ वर्षांच्या बहादूरशहा दुसरा यास हिंदुस्थानचा बादशहा घोषित केले. अवधचा मोठा भुभाग देखील शिपायांच्या ताब्याखाली आला व ब्रिटिश सैन्य घाबरले. तरी कंपनीने कुमक मागवून जुलै १८५७ मध्ये कानपूर व दिल्लीवर पुन्हा कंपनी शासन लागू केले. पण झाशी, अवध आणि लखनऊतील विद्रोह दडपण्यासाठी कंपनीला खुप वेळ लागला.

१ नोव्हेंबर १८५८ला विद्रोह दडपल्यानंतर ब्रिटिश संसदेने संपूर्ण हिंदुस्थानचा कारभार राणी व्हिक्टोरियाकडे दिला व देशातील कंपनी राज संपुष्टात आले.

 

Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan . 12 March 1913 – 25 November 1984) was an Indian politician. He served as the last Chief Minister of Bombay State and the first of Maharashtra after latter was created by the division of Bombay state. His last significant ministerial post was as the Deputy Prime Minister of India in the short lived Charan Singh government in 1979. He was a strong Congress leader, co-operative leader, social activist and writer. He was popularly known as Leader of Common People. He advocated social democracy in his speeches and articles and was instrumental in establishing co-operatives in Maharashtra for the betterment of the farmers. He is generally regarded as the architect of Modern Maharashtra.

Lord Ripon

 George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon was a British politician who served in every Liberal cabinet from 1861. He is commonly referred to as Lord Ripon.

Lord Ripon initiated many reforms to ease the plight of the local Indians during his tenure as the Viceroy. Chief among these reforms was the introduction of local-self government, the first of its kind in British India. For this, he is known as the ‘Good Viceroy of India’

Further details about Lord Ripon will be given in this article within the context of the IAS Exam

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Viceroy of India

William Gladstone appointed Lord Ripon as the Viceroy of India in 1880. One of his first acts was the introduction of the IIbert Bill which would have granted Indians more legal rights including the right of Indian judges to judge Europeans in court. Although it was a progressive move, the bill was vehemently opposed by Europeans who were aghast at the idea of being judged by native Indians.

One of his other efforts included a move to introduce a Bengal land tenancy bill – which would become the Bengal Tenancy Act 1885 – to improve the condition of the peasants. Lord Ripon also repealed the unpopular Vernacular Press Act of 1878.